Documentation on CI triggers

Closes #3432

## Notes

* Implement build trigger API - https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci/merge_requests/229
* Build trigger API - https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci/issues/257
* Build pipeline - https://dev.gitlab.org/gitlab/gitlab-ci/issues/282 and https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/3743
* Dependent builds - https://dev.gitlab.org/gitlab/gitlab-ci/issues/328
* Travis docs - https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/triggering-builds/
* Custom variables Circle CI example - https://circleci.com/docs/nightly-builds
* Triggers API (CI) will be done in a separate MR
* Notify https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci/issues/368 once done

## Docs needed to change

- [x] `doc/ci/README.md`
- [x] `doc/README.md`

See merge request !2161