Refactor and expose only Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(record)

```
$ git grep Gitlab::UrlBuilder

app/models/commit.rb:      url: Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(self),
app/services/issues/base_service.rb:      issue_url = Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(issue)
app/services/merge_requests/base_service.rb:      hook_data[:object_attributes][:url] = Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(merge_request)
app/views/search/results/_note.html.haml:- note_url = Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(note)
lib/gitlab/note_data_builder.rb:        base_data[:object_attributes][:url] = Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(note)
spec/lib/gitlab/note_data_builder_spec.rb:    expect(data[:object_attributes][:url]).to eq(Gitlab::UrlBuilder.build(note))
spec/lib/gitlab/url_builder_spec.rb:describe Gitlab::UrlBuilder, lib: true do
```

Fixes #15202.

See merge request !3696