Allow registering users where the username contains dots (.)

## What does this MR do?

- Allow registering users whose usernames contains dots `.`
- This can currently be done by registering with a username containing no dots, and then editing the username to have dots in the user's profile settings.

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

-  [#24276/!7500] Unable to register names with dot
    - [x]  Implementation
    - [x]  Tests
        - [x]  Added
        - [x]  [Passing](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/7500/builds)
    - [x]  Meta
        - [x]  CHANGELOG entry created
        - [x]  Documentation created/updated
        - [x]  API support added
        - [x]  Branch has no merge conflicts with `master`
        - [x]  Squashed related commits together
    - [x]  Review
        - [x]  Endboss
            - [x]  Use `Gitlab::Regex::NAMESPACE_REGEX_STR` instead of a hardcoded pattern
            - [x]  Define `NAMESPACE_REGEX_STR` in terms of `NAMESPACE_REGEX_STR_JS`
    - [ ]  Wait for merge


## What are the relevant issue numbers?

- Closes #24276

See merge request !7500