Re-implement page-specific JS in a better way.

## What does this MR do?

This rebuilds the way we do page-specific JavaScript assets for a few reasons:

- The current implementation does not work with Subresource Integrity (!4808)
- The current implementation doesn't allow caching of libraries because each page we hook up with this system will have a separate application.js. Meaning that for every page that uses Ace Editor, we'd have to load Ace Editor plus any GitLab-specific scripts in the same file, making local caching of just Ace Editor impossible.
- The current implementation is rather hacky.

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

That Sprockets doesn't choke on this when we use precompiled assets.

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

#14372

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- [x] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)
- [x] API support added
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [x] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [x] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)

cc: @jschatz1 @pavelloz

Thanks to @pavelloz for his example implementation which was very useful.

See merge request !4883