Improve pipeline processing

## What does this MR do?
This works on top of https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5295 trying to solve some edge cases introduced by that Merge Request. The fix switches to a state machine which is already a part of `Ci::Pipeline` and uses events with conditional transitions to switch between pipeline states.

This is approach is much more bullet proof and much easier to understand than a previous one where we were calling a `reload_status!` which manually updated `status`. Previous approach become confusing and prone to number of errors.

## Why was this MR needed?
This improves changes introduced by https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5295

## What are the relevant issue numbers?
None, yet.

## Screenshots (if relevant)
Not needed.

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added (not needed since changelog for https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5295 is already introduced)
- [ ] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)
- [x] API support added (not needed)
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug (most of tests do cover the triggering of Pipeline)
  - [ ] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [ ] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)

See merge request !5782