Allow users to seed the initial runner registration token using an environment variable

## What does this MR do?
Allow users to seed the initial runner registration token using an environment variable

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

- Naming, do we want to make sure we are clear it's the 'registration' token. Like GITLAB_RUNNER_REGISTRATION_TOKEN vs what I have now, GITLAB_RUNNER_TOKEN
- Not sure we've tested a seed fixture before, I just made up a directory structure for the test

## Why was this MR needed?

At the moment I want to use this in our idea to production demo:  https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/22190

This is useful for when runner is bundled with gitlab, like in a kubernetes stack, and we want the runner to be able to register with gitlab as soon as they both come up.

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- [x] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)
- [ ] API support added
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [x] All builds are passing
- [ ] Conform by the [merge request performance guides](http://docs.gitlab.com/ce/development/merge_request_performance_guidelines.html)
- [ ] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [ ] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [ ] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)

See merge request !6642