Add Project.where_paths_in

In https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/4410 I'm working on reducing the SQL queries needed to render Markdown. One reason for the large amount of queries is executing a large number of queries needed to find projects and related data. Basically `Project.find_with_namespace` is called in a loop and then any relations have to be retrieved separately.

By using `Project.where_paths_in` we can work around this by doing something like:

```ruby
project_paths = [...] # populated by some method
projects = Project.where_paths_in(project_paths).includes(:namespace, ...)
```

Ref: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/18042

See merge request !4535